AI Job Atlas
AI & jobs · Sector

Wholesale & retail trade

29%
of this sector’s 525.7M jobs worldwide are exposed to generative AI, about 150.8M people.
MODELAll sectors: 21%

Key numbers

Jobs worldwideILO
525.7M
14.7% of all jobs
Exposed workersMODEL
150.8M
19.9% of all exposed
Highest-exposure jobsMODEL
4.2%
22M people
Women’s shareILO
44%
of the sector’s jobs

By income level

MODEL

In most sectors exposure rises with income, because more of the sector’s jobs are clerical, technical or professional.

High income 35%
Upper-middle income 28%
Lower-middle income 27%
Low income 25%

Most exposed

MODEL

Share of the sector’s jobs exposed.

1Macao 41% 2Republic of Korea 40% 3Japan 40% 4Germany 39% 5Switzerland 39% 6Djibouti 38% 7Puerto Rico 38% 8Taiwan 38% 9Luxembourg 38% 10Italy 37%

Most exposed workers

MODEL
1China 26M 2India 18M 3Indonesia 8M 4Nigeria 7.9M 5United States 7M 6Brazil 6.1M 7Japan 3.7M 8Mexico 3.6M 9Philippines 3.5M 10Russian Federation 3.5M

Biggest employer (share of jobs)

ILO
1Papua New Guinea 34.6% 2Haiti 28.9% 3Sierra Leone 28.6% 4Nigeria 26.9% 5Timor-Leste 26.9% 6Yemen 25.9% 7Liberia 25.1% 8Mauritania 24.2% 9The Gambia 23.9% 10Guinea 22.9%

Other sectors

MODEL
Finance 56% ICT & software 44% Education 44% Public admin 43% Health & care 41% Business services 36% Utilities 26% Hospitality 23% Other services 22% Transport & logistics 19% Manufacturing 15% Mining 13% Construction 10% Agriculture 7%

Other sectors